A bibliography experiment on research within the scope of industry 4.0 application areas in sports: Sporda endüstri 4.0 uygulama alanları kapsamında yapılan araştırmalar üzerine bir bibliyografya denemesi

Developed countries develop their production sites within the scope of industry 4.0 technology components and experience constant change and transformation to establish economic superiority. This situation allows them to produce more in various fields and thus to rise to a more advantageous position economically. Industry 4.0 technology affects areas within the scope of the sports industry such as sports tourism, athlete performance, athlete health, sports publishing, sports textile products, sports education and training, sports management and human resources, and creates an international competition environment in terms of production and performance. In this study, it is aimed to examine the researches about the usage areas of industry 4.0 in sports. From this point on, researches in the context of the subject have been presented with bibliographic method. In the conclusion section, the weaknesses and possibilities of youth sociology were discussed, and efforts were made to present a projection on what to do about the field. In this respect, a youth sociology evaluation has been tried to be made on the prominent topics, forgotten aspects and themes left incomplete in youth sociology studies. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.   Özet Gelişmiş ülkeler endüstri 4.0 teknolojisi bileşenleri kapsamında üretim sahalarını geliştirmekte ve ekonomik üstünlük kurmak amacıyla sürekli değişim ve dönüşüm yaşamaktadır. Bu durum onların çeşitli alanlarda daha fazla üretmelerine dolayısıyla ekonomik yönden daha avantajlı konuma yükselmelerine olanak sağlamaktadır. Endüstri 4.0 teknolojisi spor turizmi, sporcu performansı, sporcu sağlığı, spor yayıncılığı, spor tekstil ürünleri, spor eğitimi ve öğretimi, spor yönetimi ve insan kaynakları gibi spor endüstrisi kapsamındaki alanları etkilemekte üretim ve performans yönünden ülkeler arası bir rekabet ortamı oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada endüstri 4.0’ın sporda kullanım alanları ile ilgili araştırmaların incelenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle konu bağlamındaki araştırmalar bibliyografik metodla ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç bölümünde ise sporda endüstri 4.0 kullanım alanları tartışılmış, alana olan katkıları ve olumuz etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. &nbsp

Dijital çalışma platformlarının toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine etkisi

Dijitalleşme sürecinde ortaya çıkan çalışma modellerinden dijital çalışma platformlarının giderek yaygınlaştığı ve bir dijital çalışma ekosisteminin geliştiği görülmektedir. Dijital çalışma platformlarının, kırılgan gruplar olarak nitelendirilen kadınlar, engelliler, gençler ve göçmenler de dahil olmak üzere tüm çalışanlara gelir getirici fırsatlar sağlama potansiyeli olduğu ve gelecek vadeden iş olanakları taşıdığı ileri sürülmektedir. Böyle bir potansiyele sahip dijital çalışma platformlarının toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı analizi dikkate alındığında, kadınların bu tür platformlara erişme ve bu platformlarda çalışma durumlarını, mesleki ayrışma ve dijital cinsiyet açığını azaltmadaki etkisini de tartışmak kaçınılmazdır. Dijital çalışma platformlarının kapsadığı işlerde kadınların ve erkeklerin istihdam edildikleri işler sayısal ve niteliksel olarak farklılaşmaktadır. Genel olarak araştırmalar bu tür çalışma platformlarında cinsiyete dayalı mesleki ayrışmanın yaygın olduğunu, özellikle yapay zeka gibi yüksek bilgi ve beceriye ihtiyaç duyulan alanlarda çalışanların çoğunun erkek olduğunu göstermektedir. Diğer taraftan platform çalışmanın kadınların iş gücüne katılım oranını artıracağı, çalışma saatlerini, işlerini ve ev sorumluluklarını uyumlaştırma konusunda kolaylık sağlayacağı yönünde beklentiler bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dijital çalışma platformlarının toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği üzerindeki etkisini tartışmak ve cinsiyet eşitliği yönünde yeni fırsatlar yaratma potansiyelini Avrupa Birliği örneği üzerinden doküman analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirmektir. Çalışmanın bulguları göstermektedir ki geleneksel işgücü piyasasındaki toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı eşitsizlikler dijital çalışma platformlarında da devam etmektedir. Özellikle mesleki ayrışımın, ücret eşitsizliğinin ve iş ve aile sorumluluklarının paylaşımındaki eşitsizliğin sürdüğü görülmektedir.Publisher's Versio

Heavy metal pollution in surface sediment and mussel samples in the Gulf of Gemlik

Sediment quality data provide essential information for evaluating ambient environmental quality conditions. An evaluation is presented of heavy metal pollution, on the basis of statistical analysis of metal concentrations from the sediments of the Gulf of Gemlik, southeastern Marmara Sea, Turkey, which has been subject to high levels of pollution. The ranges for heavy metal concentrations (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) at the 63 μm fractions. Not only large industrialized seaports but also resort areas throughout the Gulf are flagged as hotspots for elevated concentrations, generally higher compared to those from the other Turkish marine environment. The highest concentrations of Cr, Pb, and Ni were measured in the outer part of the Gulf, while the highest concentrations of Cu were documented offshore the main rivers. While the concentrations of Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni in some stations approach the severe effect level given in various sediment quality guidelines, the concentrations of the most human-related metals (Cd and Zn) in the mussels collected from the Port Mudanya were higher than the acceptable values for human consumption set by various health organizations.The research fund of the Istanbul University; project UDP-200

Evaluation of total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress levels in humor aqueous of diabetic cataract patients

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DRP) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and various studies have demonstrated the role of increased oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia in its pathophysiology. There are few studies in the literature examining total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) in humor aqueous, and we were unable to find any, which measured oxidative stress index (OSI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether TAC, TOS, and OSI in the aqueous humor changed according to DRP stage. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included a total of 86 cataract patients: 31 healthy patients with senile cataract (Group 1), 19 diabetic patients without DRP (Group 2), 17 patients with nonproliferative DRP (Group 3), and 19 patients with proliferative DRP (Group 4). Aqueous humor samples were obtained prior to cataract surgery. TAC, TOS, and OSI levels were measured spectrophotometrically and compared between the groups. Results: The analysis of TAC levels revealed that TAC levels were significantly higher in the control group (Group 1) compared to DRP patients (Group 3 and 4, p=0.042 and p=0.02, respectively), while TOS and OSI levels were lower in Group 1 compared to all diabetic groups (Group 2, 3, and 4) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of increased TOS and OSI and decreased TAC levels in diabetic patients support the belief that oxidative stress might be an important etiologic factor in DRP. Increased oxidative stress may be a potential therapeutic target in the prevention and management of DRP. © 2020 Gazi Eye Foundation. All rights reserved

Effects of Remote Ischemic Conditioning Methods on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Muscle Flaps: An Experimental Study in Rats

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of remote ischemic conditioning on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat muscle flaps histopathologically and biochemically. Methods Thirty albino rats were divided into 5 groups. No procedure was performed in the rats in group 1, and only blood samples were taken. A gracilis muscle flap was elevated in all the other groups. Microclamps were applied to the vascular pedicle for 4 hours in order to achieve tissue ischemia. In group 2, no additional procedure was performed. In groups 3, 4, and 5, the right hind limb was used and 3 cycles of ischemia-reperfusion for 5 minutes each (total, 30 minutes) was applied with a latex tourniquet (remote ischemic conditioning). In group 3, this procedure was performed before flap elevation (remote ischemic preconditoning). In group 4, the procedure was performed 4 hours after flap ischemia (remote ischemic postconditioning). In group 5, the procedure was performed after the flap was elevated, during the muscle flap ischemia episode (remote ischemic perconditioning). Results The histopathological damage score in all remote conditioning ischemia groups was lower than in the ischemic-reperfusion group. The lowest histopathological damage score was observed in group 5 (remote ischemic perconditioning). Conclusions The nitric oxide levels were higher in the blood samples obtained from the remote ischemic perconditioning group. This study showed the effectiveness of remote ischemic conditioning procedures and compared their usefulness for preventing ischemi-are perfusion injury in muscle flaps

Lumbar opening pressure and radiologic scoring in idiopathic intracranial hypertension : is there any correlation?

Background: To investigate correlation between lumbar opening pressure (LOP) and radiological scores based on cranial MRI and contrast-enhanced MR venography in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Material/Methods: Patients with IIH who underwent brain MRI and contrast-enhanced MR venography before measurement of LOP between 2010-2014 were evaluated retrospectively. Three experienced radiologists (blinded to LOP values) evaluated a total of 51 patients. They reached a consensus on the presence or absence of 6 radiological findings identified in the literature as characteristic for IIH: empty sella, perioptic dilation, optical tortuosity, flattening of the posterior globe, swelling of the optic disc, and bilateral transverse sinus stenosis. The radiological score was obtained by giving 1 point for the presence of each finding, with the highest possible score of 6 points. The correlation between the calculated radiological scores and LOP was evaluated. Results: There was no significant correlation between LOP and radiological scores (r=0.095; p=0.525, Spearman's rank coefficient). Similarly, no significant correlation was detected between LOP and each of the radiological findings (partial empty sella [p=0.137], perioptic dilation [p=0.265], optical tortuosity [p=0.948], flattening of the posterior globe [p=0.491], swelling of the optic disc [p=0.881], and bilateral dural sinus stenosis [p=0.837], Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusions: There was no significant correlation between LOP and reliable radiological features of IIH

Birinci büyük azı dişlerde çürük gelişme riskinde sabit ortodontik tedavinin etkisi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sabit ortodontik tedavinin daimi birinci büyük azı dişin çürük riski üzerine etkisini detaylı olarak değerlendirmekti.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Sabit ortodonti tedavisi gören 74 birey (13-17 yaş) bu çalışma kapsamında incelendi. Daimi birinci büyük azı dişlerin durumu üç farklı zamanda Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) kriterleri kullanılarak değerlendirildi; T0=Sabit ortodontik tedaviden hemen önce, T1=Sabit ortodontik tedaviden hemen sonra, T2: Sabit ortodontik tedaviden en az 12 ay sonra. Risk değerlendirmesi yapılırken klinik muayene ve bitewing radyograflardan yararlanıldı. Çürük risk değerlendirmesi; birey, diş, yüzey ve white spot lezyonlar (WSL) bazında gerçekleştirildi. Birinci büyük azı dişlerin bukkal yüzeylerinde oluşan WSL’ı Gorelick indeksine göre incelendi.Bulgular: Çalışma sonuna kadar takibi yapılan 60 hastanın (35 kız, 25 erkek) yaş ortalaması T0’ da 14,7±0,8 olarak bulundu. Daimi birinci büyük azı dişi çürükten etkilenen bireylerin yüzdesinin T0’ da %58,3, T1 zamanında %66,6 ve T2 zamanında %73,3 olduğu bulundu (p=0,000). T0’ da daimi birinci büyük azı dişin DMFT ortalaması 1,50 iken, T1’ de 1,66 ve T2’ de 1,78 olduğu bulundu. T0’ da çürükten en çok etkilenmiş diş yüzeyi okluzal olarak bulunurken, tedavi süresince ve sonrasında (yaklaşık 37 ay) ara yüz çürüklerinin artış gösterdiği görüldü. Bireylerde WSL görülme sıklığı T0’ da %25, T1’ de %58,3 ve T2’ de ise %50 olarak bulundu (p=0,000).Sonuç: Sabit ortodontik tedavi sırasında ve sonrasında daimi birinci büyük azı dişin çürüme riskinin arttığı söylenebilir

Infectious Agents And Antibiotic Susceptibility Isolated from CSF Samples of The Patients With Prediagnosis of Nosocomial and Community-Acquired Meningitidis

AbstractIn our study we aimed to contribute survelliance data espesially to increase awareness on treatment plannig for nosocomial meningitis.Meterials and MethodsFor this we collected data about 15519 cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) patients with nosocomial and community based meningitis suspicion during six years. After culturing bacterias identification and susceptibility test made automatised system and susceptibility state evaluated according to CLSI standards.ResultsFrom a total of 10632 samples, 53% of them was male and 47% was female. Only 7% growth was from this samples. 23% and 76% of samples were from children and adolescent, respectively. CSF samples from community mostly gave growth to coagulase-negative staphilococci (CNS) (58%) and S. aureus (20%), while nosocomially isolated agents were as CNS (60%) and Acinetobacter spp. (11.4%). Despite CNS, Enterobacter spp.-mostly Klebsiella and Enterococcus growth from CSF samples were mostly isolated agents in children, in adolescents this order was as CNS and Acinetobacter spp. Predominance among gram positive agents isolated from CSF samples were CNS and S. aureus with resistance patern to penisillin and methicillin as 96% and 97%, and %83 and 36%. Resistance rates of S. pneumonia isolates to penicillin and ceftriaxone were as 18% and 5%, respectively; however ampicillin, penicillin, vancomycin resistance in enterococci were %52, %63 and %6, respectively. Mostly isolated agents from all samples as gram negative were Acinetobacter species with susceptibility rates of 40% to amikacin and 58% to meropenem in general.ConclusionWe observed that distribution of menigitis causing microorganisms could be affected by presence of underlying factors